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In both human addicts and animal models of addiction, chronic food restriction has been shown to increase rates of relapse. Previously, our laboratory has demonstrated a robust increase in drug seeking following a period of withdrawal in chronically food\u2010restricted rats compared with sated rats. To date, the neural mechanisms that mediate the effect of chronic food restriction on drug seeking have not been elucidated. However, the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) appears to be a promising target to investigate. The objective of the current study was to examine the role of the PVT in the augmentation of heroin seeking induced by chronic food restriction. Male Long\u2010Evans rats were trained to self\u2010administer heroin for 10\u00a0days. Rats were then removed from the training chambers and experienced a 14\u2010day withdrawal period with either unrestricted (sated) or mildly restricted (FDR) access to food. On day 14, rats underwent a 1\u2010hour heroin\u2010seeking test under extinction conditions, during which neural activity in the PVT was either inhibited or increased using pharmacological or chemogenetic approaches. Unexpectedly, inhibition of the PVT did not alter heroin seeking in food\u2010restricted or sated rats, while enhancing neural activity in the PVT\u2010attenuated heroin seeking in food\u2010restricted rats. These results indicate that PVT activity can modulate heroin seeking induced by chronic food restriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T09:56:31Z","timestamp":1547027791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The role of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus in the augmentation of heroin seeking induced by chronic food restriction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Chisholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology\/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale Concordia University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Iannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology\/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale Concordia University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damaris","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology\/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale Concordia University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology\/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale Concordia University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9milie","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology\/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale Concordia University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Bumbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology\/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale Concordia University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel A.","family":"Batall\u00e1n Burrowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology\/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale Concordia University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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