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To prioritize candidates for follow\u2010up investigation, we also sought to translate gene expression findings across species. Using data from the largest genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) of CD to date (n\u00a0=\u00a03176, 74% with CD), we assessed genomic heritability, gene\u2010based associations, and tissue enrichment. We detected a significant single\u2010nucleotide polymorphism heritability of 28% for CD and identified three genes (two loci) underlying this predisposition: the <jats:italic>C1qL2<\/jats:italic> (complement component C1 q like 2), <jats:italic>KCTD20<\/jats:italic> (potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 20), and <jats:italic>STK38<\/jats:italic> (serine\/threonine kinase 38) genes. Tissue enrichment analyses indicated robust enrichment in numerous brain regions, including the hippocampus. We used postmortem human hippocampal RNA\u2010sequencing data from previous study (n\u00a0=\u00a015, seven chronic cocaine users) to follow up genome\u2010wide results and to identify differentially expressed genes\/transcripts and gene networks underlying cocaine use. Cross\u2010species analyses utilized hippocampal gene expression from a mouse model of cocaine use. Differentially expressed genes\/transcripts in humans were enriched for the genes nominally associated with CD via GWAS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and for differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of cocaine\u2010exposed mice. We identified <jats:italic>KCTD20<\/jats:italic> as a central component of a hippocampal gene network strongly associated with human cocaine use, and this gene network was conserved in the mouse hippocampus. We outline a framework to map and translate genome\u2010wide findings onto tissue\u2010specific gene expression, which provided biological insight into cocaine use\/dependence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T09:15:20Z","timestamp":1549617320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Cocaine'omics: Genome\u2010wide and transcriptome\u2010wide analyses provide biological insight into cocaine use and dependence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5064-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spencer B.","family":"Huggett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado"},{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Stallings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado"},{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.World drug report. 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