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These initial findings have been paralleled by human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research demonstrating weaker frontostriatal resting\u2010state functional connectivity (rsFC) among individuals with psychostimulant use disorders. However, there is a dearth of human imaging literature describing associations between long\u2010term prescription opioid use, frontostriatal rsFC, and brain morphology among chronic pain patients. We hypothesized that prescription opioid users with chronic pain, as compared with healthy control subjects, would evidence weaker frontostriatal rsFC coupled with less frontostriatal gray matter volume (GMV). Further, those opioid use\u2010related deficits in frontostriatal circuitry would be associated with negative affect and drug misuse. Prescription opioid users with chronic pain (n\u00a0=\u00a031) and drug\u2010free healthy controls (n\u00a0=\u00a030) underwent a high\u2010resolution anatomical and an eyes\u2010closed resting\u2010state functional scan. The opioid group, relative to controls, exhibited weaker frontostriatal rsFC, and less frontostriatal GMV in both L.NAc and L.vmPFC. Frontostriatal rsFC partially mediated group differences in negative affect. Within opioid users, L.NAc GMV predicted opioid misuse severity. The current study revealed that prescription opioid use in the context of chronic pain is associated with functional and structural abnormalities in frontostriatal circuitry. These results suggest that opioid use\u2010related abnormalities in frontostriatal circuitry may undergird disturbances in affect that may contribute to the ongoing maintenance of opioid use and misuse. These findings warrant further examination of interventions to treat opioid pathophysiology in frontostriatal circuitry over the course of treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T10:09:05Z","timestamp":1554372545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Impaired frontostriatal functional connectivity among chronic opioid using pain patients is associated with dysregulated affect"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"McConnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L.","family":"Garland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development 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