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Prescription opioids are responsible for approximately 40% of these deaths. Oxycodone is one of the most commonly abused prescription opioids, but despite its prevalent misuse, the number of preclinical studies investigating oxycodone\u2010seeking behaviors is relatively limited. Furthermore, preclinical oxycodone studies that include female subjects are even more scarce, and it is critical that future work includes both sexes. Additionally, the oral route of administration is one of the most common routes for recreational users, especially in the early stages of drug experimentation. However, currently, only two studies have been published investigating operant oral oxycodone self\u2010administration in rodents. Therefore, the primary goal of the present study was to establish an oral oxycodone operant self\u2010administration model in adult male and female rats, as well as to examine a potential mechanism of stress\u2010primed reinstatement. We found that females consumed significantly more oral oxycodone than males in operant self\u2010administration sessions. We also found that active oxycodone self\u2010administration was reduced by mu opioid receptor antagonism and by substitution of water for oxycodone solution. Lastly, we induced stress\u2010primed reinstatement and found that this behavior was significantly attenuated by antagonism of the neurokinin\u20101 receptor, consistent with our prior work examining stress\u2010induced reinstatement of alcohol\u2010 and cocaine\u2010seeking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T19:29:15Z","timestamp":1576178955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Sex differences in oral oxycodone self\u2010administration and stress\u2010primed reinstatement in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hannah D.","family":"Fulenwider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadie E.","family":"Nennig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiba","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela E.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Baruffaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pravetoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota Medical School  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Center for Immunology University of Minnesota Medical School  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kejun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Design and Synthesis Section NIH\/NIDA\/NIAAA  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenner C.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Design and Synthesis Section NIH\/NIDA\/NIAAA  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Manvich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine  Stratford New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3813-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse R.","family":"Schank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"NIDA\"A subset of people who abuse prescription opioids may progress to heroin use.\" Prescription Opioids and Heroin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.007"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"Vital signs: demographic and substance use trends among heroin users\u2014United States, 2002\u20102013","volume":"64","author":"Jones CM","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Oxycodone (Trade Names: Tylox, Percodan, OxyContin)","author":"DEA","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2013.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1276"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers and other drugs among women\u2014United States, 1999\u20102010","volume":"62","author":"Paulozzi LJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warner M. 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