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Identifying individuals at risk for excessive alcohol intake in adolescence is a step toward developing effective preventative measures and intervention programs. As adults with AUDs tend to self\u2010medicate their anxiety with alcohol, this longitudinal study assesses the role of infant anxiety\u2010like temperament in the development of adolescent alcohol abuse using a nonhuman primate model. From birth until they were 5 months of age, behaviors of 64 rhesus monkeys <jats:italic>(Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>) were coded twice a week using an objective mother\u2010infant scoring system that included behaviors traditionally used to assess anxiety and fearfulness in rhesus monkeys. When subjects were four months old, plasma cortisol was obtained. When subjects were adolescents (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 44.88 months), another plasma cortisol sample was obtained about one month prior to allowing them unfettered access to an 8.4% (v\/v) aspartame\u2010sweetened alcohol solution for one hour a day over five\u2010to\u2010seven weeks. Results showed that behavioral indications of anxiety\u2010like temperament in infancy, including high levels of mother\u2010infant mutual ventral contact, low levels of environmental exploration, and low levels of interactions with peers were predictive of high adolescent alcohol intake (ie, drinking to intoxication). Plasma cortisol levels in infancy were positively correlated with plasma cortisol in adolescence, and both were positively correlated with high adolescent alcohol intake. Our findings indicate that high levels of traditional anxiety\u2010like behaviors measured in the context of mother\u2010infant interactions, coupled with high infant and adolescent plasma cortisol, are associated with binge\u2010like high alcohol intake in adolescence, suggesting that individuals at risk for developing an AUD later in life may be determined, at least in part, by assessing their physiological and behavioral propensity for anxiety early in life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T10:39:38Z","timestamp":1572518378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early life temperamental anxiety is associated with excessive alcohol intake in adolescence: A rhesus monkey (<scp><i>Macaca mulatta<\/i><\/scp>) model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6407-295X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth K.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Brigham Young University  Provo Utah 84602 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryno","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Brigham Young University  Provo Utah 84602 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elysha","family":"Cash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Brigham Young University  Provo Utah 84602 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen G.","family":"Lindell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH  Rockville Maryland 20852 USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Studies National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH  Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie L.","family":"Schwandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Studies National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH  Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina S.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH  Rockville Maryland 20852 USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Studies National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH  Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Suomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Comparative Ethology Eunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH  Poolesville Maryland 20837 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Dee","family":"Higley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Brigham Young University  Provo Utah 84602 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2018).Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 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