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However, little is known whether these interoceptive alterations extend to opioid use disorder (OUD). This exploratory study used the same experimental probe during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that SUD and OUD exhibit interoceptive discrepancies characterized by subjective ratings and activation within the insula. Recently, abstinent individuals diagnosed with current SUD (n = 40) or current OUD (n = 20) were compared with healthy individuals (CTL; n = 30) on brain and self\u2010report responses during an interoceptive attention task known to elicit insula activation. Participants selectively attended to interoceptive (heartbeat and stomach) and exteroceptive signals during blood\u2010oxygen\u2010level\u2010dependent fMRI recording. Groups and conditions were compared on (a) activation within probabilistic cytoarchitectonic segmentations of the insula and (b) self\u2010reported stimulus intensity. First, SUD showed amplified ratings of heart\u2010related sensations but attenuation of dorsal <jats:italic>dysgranular<\/jats:italic> insula activity relative to CTL. Amplified ratings were linked to drug use recency, while attenuation was normalized with greater past\u2010year stimulant use. Second, SUD and OUD showed attenuation of dorsal dysgranular insula activity during attention to stomach sensations relative to CTL. Taken together, these results are consistent with altered neural processing of interoceptive signals in drug addiction, particularly as a function of SUD. Future studies will need to determine whether interoceptive metrics help to explain substance use disorder pathophysiology and are useful for predicting outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T21:18:04Z","timestamp":1571260684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Interoceptive attention in opioid and stimulant use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0123-9438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laureate Institute for Brain Research  Tulsa Oklahoma USA"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Oxley Health Sciences University of Tulsa  Tulsa Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahib 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