{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:14:40Z","timestamp":1787062480820,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y01AA3009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y01AA3009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The translocator protein (TSPO) transports cholesterol into mitochondria and is involved in steroidogenesis. The\n                    <jats:italic>TSPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphism rs6971 influences binding of cholesterol and other TSPO ligands including positron\u2010emission tomography (PET) imaging radiotracers. Although it is recognized that alcohol increases plasma high\u2010density lipoproteins (HDLs), its effects on total cholesterol and triglycerides along with its relationship to\n                    <jats:italic>TSPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotype have not been assessed. Here, we evaluated whether plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are disrupted in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and their association with rs6971 in 932 AUD participants (DSM IV or 5) and 546 controls. AUD participants compared with controls had significantly higher plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, but not of low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL). In the AUD group only,\n                    <jats:italic>TSPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs6971 had a significant effect on plasma levels of cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides (AA (n = 62) &gt; AG (n = 319) &gt; GG (n = 551)), but not on HDL levels. Additionally, we showed a significant effect of\n                    <jats:italic>TSPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs6971 on withdrawal scores (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol [CIWA]), with higher scores in AA (n = 50) compared with AG (n = 238) and GG (n = 428). CIWA scores in AUD participants correlated negatively with LDL and positively with HDL, but not with total cholesterol or triglycerides. These findings corroborate elevated plasma cholesterol and HDL levels in AUD and document significant increases in triglycerides. We also reveal for the first time an association in AUD participants between\n                    <jats:italic>TSPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs6971 genotype and plasma cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels (not for HDL) and with withdrawal severity. Mediation analyses revealed that LDL (but not HDL) influenced the association between\n                    <jats:italic>TSPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    and alcohol withdrawal severity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T04:56:56Z","timestamp":1573534616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["<i>TSPO<\/i>\n                    polymorphism in individuals with alcohol use disorder: Association with cholesterol levels and withdrawal severity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2934-8794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinde E.","family":"Wiers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Martins De Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin A.","family":"Hodgkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Schwandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Diazgranados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene\u2010Jack","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora D.","family":"Volkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"},{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.051425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.6.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000039754.23250.EE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318262a9a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20170648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0085-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"The relationship between alcohol consumption, liver enzymes and high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol","volume":"64","author":"LaPorte R","year":"1981","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(84)90194-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"Timeline Followback: user's guide\u2014a calendar method for assessing alcohol and drug use","author":"Sobell LC","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00737.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx319"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2012.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb03098.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8622-8_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-018-0962-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Alcohol's effects on the cardiovascular system","volume":"38","author":"Piano MR","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30134-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31571-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.19.2347"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(85)90103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.580092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000053849.09308.B2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1795"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0678-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3618-y"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.12838","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/adb.12838","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.12838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T19:30:57Z","timestamp":1693855857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/adb.12838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/adb.12838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12838","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12838"}}