{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:43:09Z","timestamp":1787013789600,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,16]],"date-time":"2020-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co\u2010occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n g<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ], twin\u2010based = 0.23\u20100.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN\n with<\/jats:italic>\n binge eating, AN\n without<\/jats:italic>\n binge eating, and a bulimia nervosa factor score), and eight substance\u2010use\u2010related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Total study sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2400 to ~537 000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism\u2010based genetic correlations between eating disorder\u2010 and substance\u2010use\u2010related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n g<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n = 0.18; false discovery rate\n q<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n g<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n = 0.23;\n q<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001), and cannabis initiation and AN\n with<\/jats:italic>\n binge eating (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n g<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n = 0.27;\n q<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three nondiagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN\n without<\/jats:italic>\n binge eating (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n gs<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n = \u22120.19 to \u22120.23;\n qs<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.04). The genetic correlation between AUD and AN was no longer significant after co\u2010varying for major depressive disorder loci. The patterns of association between eating disorder\u2010 and substance\u2010use\u2010related phenotypes highlights the potentially complex and substance\u2010specific relationships among these behaviors.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T02:30:45Z","timestamp":1581906645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Shared genetic risk between eating disorder\u2010 and substance\u2010use\u2010related phenotypes: Evidence from genome\u2010wide association studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-9457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Munn\u2010Chernoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ling","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.I.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond K.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica H.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"H\u00fcbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Medland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunna J.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"School of Psychology Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e9na A.","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Bryois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Hinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virpi M.","family":"Lepp\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Mattheisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Ripke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Giusti\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken B.","family":"Hanscombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics King's College London, Guy's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger A.H.","family":"Adan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center 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