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It is unknown whether cannabis dependence in humans alters the capacity for induction of cortical plasticity. The aim of this study was to non\u2010invasively investigate cortical plasticity with transcranial magnetic stimulation in young adults who meet DSM\u20105 criteria for cannabis use disorder (CUD). Thirty men (ages 20\u2013 30) who used cannabis daily over the previous 6 months (15 diagnosed of CUD) and 15 demographically matched non\u2010users were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent two sessions of theta burst stimulation (TBS) in which either continuous TBS (cTBS; 600 pulses, 80% active motor threshold) or intermittent TBS (iTBS; 2\u2010s train of cTBS repeated every 10 s for a total of 190 s, 600 pulses) was applied over the primary motor cortex. The effects of these protocols were assessed by analysing the contralateral motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The relationships between cortical plasticity and problematic cannabis use, degree of dependence, and nicotine addiction were also investigated. Significant MEP inhibition after cTBS was observed in both cannabis users without CUD and non\u2010users, while this inhibition was not seen in cannabis users with CUD. Strikingly, less motor cortical plasticity was observed in subjects with severe problematic cannabis use. No significant differences between users and non\u2010users were found in the iTBS\u2010induced cortical plasticity measures. Our study provides the first evidence of maladaptive cortical plasticity associated with cannabis use disorder and problematic cannabis use in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T08:37:02Z","timestamp":1587631022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Impaired motor cortical plasticity associated with cannabis use disorder in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Martin\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurofisiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/CSIC\/Universidad de Sevilla  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas 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