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Exercise might thus share with drugs the ability to strengthen excitatory synapses onto ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurones, as assessed by the ratio of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)\u2010mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) to NMDA receptor (NMDAR)\u2010mediated EPSCs. As did acute cocaine, amphetamine, or \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) pretreatments, an acute 1\u2010h wheel\u2010running session increased the AMPAR\/NMDAR ratio in VTA dopaminergic neurones. To dissect the respective influences of wheel\u2010running seeking and performance, mice went through an operant protocol wherein wheel\u2010running was conditioned by nose poking under fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Conditioned wheel\u2010running increased the AMPAR\/NMDAR ratio to a higher extent than free wheel\u2010running, doing so although running performance was lower in the former paradigm than in the latter. Thus, the cue\u2010reward association, rather than reward consumption, played a major role in this increase. The AMPAR\/NMDAR ratio returned to baseline levels in mice that had extinguished the cued\u2010running motivated task, but it increased after a cue\u2010induced reinstatement session. The amplitude of this increase correlated with the intensity of exercise craving, as assessed by individual nose poke scores. Finally, cue\u2010induced reinstatement of running seeking proved insensitive to acute cocaine or THC pretreatments. Our study reveals for the first time that the drive for exercise bears synaptic influences on VTA dopaminergic neurones which are reminiscent of drug actions. Whether these influences play a role in the therapeutic effects of exercise in human drug craving remains to be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T04:18:02Z","timestamp":1601957882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Exercise craving potentiates excitatory inputs to ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0385-4119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria\u2010Carmen","family":"Medrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation NeuroCentre INSERM U1215  Bordeaux France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux  Bordeaux 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