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However, little is understood concerning its mechanistic origin. We have developed a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> model to genetically dissect and understand the phenomenon of sexually dimorphic alcohol\u2010induced aggression. Males with blood alcohol levels of 0.04\u2010mg\/ml BAC were less aggressive than alcohol\u2010naive males, but when the BAC had dropped to ~0.015\u2009mg\/ml, the alcohol\u2010treated males showed an increase in aggression toward other males. This aggression\u2010promoting treatment is referred to as the post\u2010ethanol aggression (PEA) treatment. Females do not show increased aggression after the same treatment. PEA\u2010treated males also spend less time courting and attempt to copulate earlier than alcohol\u2010naive flies. PEA treatment induces expression of the FruM transcription factor (encoded by a male\u2010specific transcript from the <jats:italic>fruitless<\/jats:italic> gene), whereas sedating doses of alcohol reduce FruM expression and reduce male aggression. Transgenic suppression of FruM induction also prevents alcohol\u2010induced aggression. In male flies, alcohol\u2010induced aggression is dependent on the male isoform of the <jats:italic>fruitless<\/jats:italic> transcription factor (FruM). Low\u2010dose alcohol induces FruM expression and promotes aggression, whereas higher doses of alcohol suppress FruM and suppress aggression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:11:53Z","timestamp":1622160713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Alcohol\u2010induced aggression in Drosophila"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5618-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research The University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour The University of Oxford  Oxford 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