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Although HCU is frequent, specific patterns of abnormal brain structure and function underlying HCU in individuals presenting without cannabis\u2010use disorder or other current and life\u2010time major mental disorders are unclear at present. This multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study examined resting\u2010state functional MRI (rs\u2010fMRI) and structural MRI (sMRI) data from 24 persons with HCU and 16 controls. Parallel independent component analysis (p\u2010ICA) was used to examine covarying components among grey matter volume (GMV) maps computed from sMRI and intrinsic neural activity (INA), as derived from amplitude of low\u2010frequency fluctuations (ALFF) maps computed from rs\u2010fMRI data. Further, we used JuSpace toolbox for cross\u2010modal correlations between MRI\u2010based modalities with nuclear imaging derived estimates, to examine specific neurotransmitter system changes underlying HCU. We identified two transmodal components, which significantly differed between the HCU and controls (GMV:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01, ALFF\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03, respectively). The GMV component comprised predominantly cerebello\u2010temporo\u2010thalamic regions, whereas the INA component included fronto\u2010parietal regions. Across HCU, loading parameters of both components were significantly associated with distinct HCU behavior. Finally, significant associations between GMV and the serotonergic system as well as between INA and the serotonergic, dopaminergic and \u03bc\u2010opioid receptor system were detected. This study provides novel multimodal neuromechanistic insights into HCU suggesting co\u2010altered structure\/function\u2010interactions in neural systems subserving cognitive and sensorimotor functions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T18:48:03Z","timestamp":1637606883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Multimodal MRI data fusion reveals distinct structural, functional and neurochemical correlates of heavy cannabis use"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dusan","family":"Hirjak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6475-7155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike M.","family":"Schmitgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Werler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Wittemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Saarland University  Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina M.","family":"Kubera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine D.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Sambataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center University of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince D.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Reith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Saarland University  Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5358-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert Christian","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.World Drug Report 2020 (United Nations publication Sales No. E.20.XI.6). 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