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Due to its relapsing nature, addiction is difficult to treat, as individuals can relapse following even long periods of abstinence and, it is during this time, that they are most vulnerable to overdose. In America, opioid overdose has been increasing for decades, making finding new treatments to help patients remain abstinent and prevent overdose deaths imperative. Recently, glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) receptor agonists have shown promise in reducing motivated behaviours for drugs of abuse. In this study, we test the effectiveness of the GLP\u20101 analogue, liraglutide (LIR), in reducing heroin addiction\u2010like behaviour, and the potential side effects associated with the treatment. We show that daily treatment with LIR (0.1\u2009mg\/kg sc) increases the latency to take heroin, reduces heroin self\u2010administration, prevents escalation of heroin self\u2010administration and reduces drug\u2010induced reinstatement of heroin\u2010seeking behaviour in rats. A 1\u2010h pretreatment time, however, was too short to reduce cue\u2010induced seeking in our study. Moreover, we showed that, while LIR (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0\u2009mg\/kg sc) supported conditioned taste avoidance of a LIR\u2010paired saccharin cue, it did not elicit intake of the antiemetic kaolin in heroin\u2010na\u00efve or heroin\u2010experienced rats. Further, 0.1\u2009mg\/kg LIR did not produce great disruptions in food intake or body weight. Overall, the data show that LIR is effective in reducing heroin taking and heroin seeking at doses that do not cause malaise and have a modest effect on food intake and body weight gain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T23:09:06Z","timestamp":1637536146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonist, liraglutide, reduces heroin self\u2010administration and drug\u2010induced reinstatement of heroin\u2010seeking behaviour in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Joaquin E.","family":"Douton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelli","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mills\u2010Huffnagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4549-3617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Nyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andras","family":"Hajnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4252-7332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia S.","family":"Grigson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1381.1999.09218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa064115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease control and Prevention.Accessed March 29 2018.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"AlterS YeagerC.The Consequences of Covid\u201019 on the Overdose epidemic: Overdoses are Increasing. 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