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Here, we seek to understand the neural processes underlying control over reward and how this is different in people with a tobacco use disorder (pTUD). A novel variant of the monetary incentive delay task was performed by pTUD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920) and non\u2010smokers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920), where we added a stop\u2010signal component such that participants had to inhibit prepotent responses to earn a larger monetary reward. Brain activity was recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We estimated stop signal reaction times (SSRTs), an indicator of impulsivity, and correlated these with brain activity. Inhibitory accuracy scores did not differ between the control group and pTUD. However, pTUD had slower SSRTs, suggesting that they may find it harder to inhibit responses. Brain data revealed that pTUD had greater preparatory control activity in the middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus prior to successful inhibitions over reward. In contrast, non\u2010smokers had greater reactive control associated with more activity in the anterior cingulate cortex during these successful inhibitions. SSRT\u2013brain activity correlations revealed that pTUD engaged more control\u2010related prefrontal brain regions when SSRTs are slower. Overall, while the inhibition accuracy scores were similar between groups, differential neural processes and strategies were used to successfully inhibit a prepotent response. The findings suggest that increasing preparatory control in pTUD may be one possible treatment target in order to increase inhibitory control over reward.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:30:03Z","timestamp":1645993803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["People with tobacco use disorder exhibit more prefrontal activity during preparatory control but reduced anterior cingulate activity during reactive control"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1851-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivam","family":"Kalhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li Peng Evelyn","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta I.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Hester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria 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