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This study aimed to investigate the structural correlates of CT in AUD, focusing on the amygdala, which plays a crucial role in the neurobiology of trauma. We hypothesized reduced amygdala volume and reduced structural connectivity as quantified by fractional anisotropy (FA) and by number of streamlines in those AUD patients with a history of moderate to severe CT (AUD\u2010CT). T1\u2010weighted MP2RAGE and diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (DWI) 3\u2010Tesla MRI\u2010scans were acquired in 41 recently abstinent patients with AUD. We compared bilateral amygdala volume and structural connectivity (FA and number of streamlines) of pathways emanating from the amygdala between AUD\u2010CT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) and AUD without CT (AUD\u2010NT, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921) using a mixed model multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) controlling for age and gender. AUD\u2010CT displayed reduced FA and reduced number of streamlines of amygdalar tracts. There were no differences regarding amygdala volume. The severity of physical abuse, a subscale of the childhood trauma questionnaire, was negatively correlated with FA and with number of streamlines. AUD\u2010CT and AUD\u2010NT differ regarding structural connectivity of pathways projecting to and from the amygdala, but not regarding amygdala volume. Those alterations of structural connectivity in AUD\u2010CT may represent a distinguishable neurobiological subtype of AUD, which might be associated with the complex clinical picture and poorer outcome that patients with CT and AUD often present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T08:06:39Z","timestamp":1646985999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Reduced structural connectivity of the amygdala is associated with childhood trauma in adult patients with alcohol use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4924-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila M.","family":"Soravia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bern  Bern 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