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In the present study, we examined cocaine\u2010induced hyperactivity along with cocaine\u2010induced DAT trafficking and the recovery rate of the dopaminergic system in female rats in comparison with male rats, demonstrating interesting gender differences. Female rats are initially more sensitive to cocaine than male rats in terms of both the DAT trafficking and hyperactivity induced by cocaine. Particularly, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 5\u2009mg\/kg cocaine induced significant hyperactivity and DAT trafficking in female rats but not in male rats. After repeated cocaine exposures (i.e., i.p. administration of 20\u2009mg\/kg cocaine every other day from Day 0 to Day 32), cocaine\u2010induced hyperactivity in female rats gradually became a clear pattern of two phases, with the first phase of the hyperactivity lasting for only a few minutes and the second phase lasting for over an hour beginning at ~30\u2009min, which is clearly different from that of male rats. It has also been demonstrated that the striatal DAT distribution of female rats may recover faster than that of male rats after multiple cocaine exposures. Nevertheless, despite the remarkable gender differences, our recently developed long\u2010acting cocaine hydrolase, known as CocH5\u2010Fc(M6), can similarly and effectively block cocaine\u2010induced DAT trafficking and hyperactivity in both male and female rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T04:45:37Z","timestamp":1666673137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gender differences in cocaine\u2010induced hyperactivity and dopamine transporter trafficking to the plasma membrane"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky  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