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Fifty\u2010four patients with AUD and 36 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated early in abstinence (T1). They underwent clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging (structural MRI and <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>FDG\u2010PET) investigations. Patients with AUD were subsequently classified as \u201clow\u2010risk drinkers\u201d (LR) or \u201crelapsers\u201d (R) based on their alcohol drinking at 6\u00a0months (T2) and 1\u00a0year (T3) after discharge, using their medical record or self\u2010reported drinking estimation at follow\u2010up. Based on the alcohol status at T2 and compared with HC, only R had alexithymia, lower grey matter volume in the midbrain and hypermetabolism in the cerebellum and hippocampi. Based on the alcohol status at T3 and compared with HC, only R had more severe nicotinic dependence, lower episodic and working memory performance, lower grey matter volume in the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus and hypermetabolism in cerebellum, hippocampi and anterior cingulate gyrus. Moreover, R had bilateral frontal hypometabolism, whereas LR only presented right frontal hypometabolism. Nicotine dependence, memory impairments and structural brain abnormalities in regions involved in impulsivity and decision\u2010making might contribute to a 1\u2010year relapse. Treatment outcome at 1\u00a0year may also be associated with an imbalance between a hypermetabolism of the limbic system and a hypometabolism of the frontal executive system. Finally, cerebellar hypermetabolism and alexithymia may be determinants of relapse at both 6\u00a0months and 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T09:20:01Z","timestamp":1666084801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prognostic factors for low\u2010risk drinking and relapse in alcohol use disorder: A multimodal analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6952-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9line","family":"Maillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Universit\u00e9 Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la M\u00e9moire Humaine  Caen 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