{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:06:16Z","timestamp":1791522376577,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Decreased consumption of nicotine and other drugs during pregnancy appears to be a cross\u2010species phenomenon from which mechanism(s) capable of interrupting addictive processes could be elucidated. Whether pregnancy influences smoking behaviour independent of women's knowledge of the pregnancy, however, has not been considered. Using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), we estimated within\u2010person change in mean cigarettes\/day smoked across the estimated date of conception but prior to individually reported dates of pregnancy recognition using longitudinal smoking data from two independent observational cohorts, the Growing Up Healthy (GUH, <jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0271) and Midwest Infant Development Studies (MIDS, <jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0145). Participants smoked an average of half a pack\/day in the month immediately before conception (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>)\u2009=\u200912(8.1) and 9.5(6.7) cigarettes\/day in GUH and MIDS, respectively). We observed within\u2010person declines in smoking after conception, both <jats:italic>before<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>GUH<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u2009\u22120.9; 95% CI \u22121.6, \u22120.2; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.01; <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>MIDS<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u2009\u22121.1; 95% CI \u20101.9, \u22120.3; <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.01) and <jats:italic>after<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>GUH<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u2009\u20104.8; 95% CI \u20105.5, \u22124.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001; <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>MIDS<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u2009\u22123.3; 95% CI \u22124.4, \u22122.5; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001) women were aware of having conceived, even when women who had quit and women who were planning to conceive were excluded from analyses. Pregnancy may interrupt smoking\u2010related processes via mechanisms not previously considered. Plausible candidates and directions for future research are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T08:33:21Z","timestamp":1665995601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Within\u2010person decline in pregnancy smoking is observable prior to pregnancy awareness: Evidence across two independent observational cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suena H.","family":"Massey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Deparment of Psychiatry Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay R.","family":"Pool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Deparment of Psychiatry Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryne","family":"Estabrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2084-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Level","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Shisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute on Addictions University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Stacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenae M.","family":"Neiderhiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Espy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology; 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