{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:43:10Z","timestamp":1787013790177,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sensorimotor dysfunction has been previously reported in persons with cannabis dependence. Such individuals can exhibit increased levels of neurological soft signs (NSS), particularly involving motor coordination, sensorimotor integration and complex motor task performance. Abnormal NSS levels can also be detected in non\u2010dependent individuals with heavy cannabis use (HCU), yet very little is known about the functional correlates underlying such deficits. Here, we used resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate associations between NSS and intrinsic neural activity (INA) in HCU (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u200921) and controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u200926). Compared with controls, individuals with HCU showed significantly higher NSS across all investigated subdomains. Three of these subdomains, that is, motor coordination, sensorimotor integration and complex motor task behaviour, were associated with specific use\u2010dependent variables, particularly age of onset of cannabis use and current cannabis use. Between\u2010group comparisons of INA revealed lower regional homogeneity (ReHo) in left precentral gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, right triangular pat of the inferior frontal gyrus and right precentral gyrus in HCU compared with controls. In addition, HCU showed also higher ReHo in right cerebellum and left postcentral gyrus compared with controls. Complex motor task behaviour in HCU was significantly related to INA in postcentral, inferior frontal and occipital cortices. Our findings indicate abnormal ReHo in HCU in regions associated with sensorimotor, executive control and visuomotor\u2010integration processes. Importantly, we show associations between ReHo, cannabis\u2010use behaviour and execution of complex motor tasks. Given convergent findings in manifest psychotic disorders, this study suggests an HCU endophenotype that may present with a cumulative risk for psychosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T04:22:58Z","timestamp":1676434978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Functional correlates of neurological soft signs in heavy cannabis users"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5358-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert Christian","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychiatry at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine Heidelberg University  Heidelberg 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Wittemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Saarland University  Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Reith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Saarland University  Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dusan","family":"Hirjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim 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