{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:07:48Z","timestamp":1792087668035,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["273291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["273291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["324252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["324499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u2010108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u2010108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["847776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007793","name":"Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKGJ\u2010MED\u2010021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKGJ\u2010MED\u2010021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24DA041123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24DA041123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"Universitetet i Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Opioid use disorder (OUD) and mental disorders are often comorbid, with increased morbidity and mortality. The causes underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Although these conditions are highly heritable, their shared genetic vulnerabilities remain unaccounted for. We applied the conditional\/conjunctional false discovery rate (cond\/conjFDR) approach to analyse summary statistics from independent genome wide association studies of OUD, schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MD) of European ancestry. Next, we characterized the identified shared loci using biological annotation resources. OUD data were obtained from the Million Veteran Program, Yale\u2010Penn and Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE) (15\u2009756 cases, 99\u2009039 controls). SCZ (53\u2009386 cases, 77\u2009258 controls), BD (41\u2009917 cases, 371\u2009549 controls) and MD (170\u2009756 cases, 329\u2009443 controls) data were provided by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We discovered genetic enrichment for OUD conditional on associations with SCZ, BD, MD and vice versa, indicating polygenic overlap with identification of 14 novel OUD loci at condFDR\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 and 7 unique loci shared between OUD and SCZ (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092), BD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092) and MD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097) at conjFDR\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 with concordant effect directions, in line with estimated positive genetic correlations. Two loci were novel for OUD, one for BD and one for MD. Three OUD risk loci were shared with more than one psychiatric disorder, at\n                    <jats:italic>DRD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    on chromosome 11 (BD and MD), at\n                    <jats:italic>FURIN<\/jats:italic>\n                    on chromosome 15 (SCZ, BD and MD) and at the major histocompatibility complex region (SCZ and MD). Our findings provide new insights into the shared genetic architecture between OUD and SCZ, BD and MD, indicating a complex genetic relationship, suggesting overlapping neurobiological pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1682666037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Genome\u2010wide analyses reveal novel opioid use disorder loci and genetic overlap with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9654-8115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00f8rge","family":"Holen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey A.","family":"Shadrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5078-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Icick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"INSERM UMR\u2010S1144 Paris University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahir T.","family":"Filiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Hindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linn","family":"R\u00f8devand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin S.","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Bahrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqiu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3351-701X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markos","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Jaho\u0142kowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naz","family":"Karadag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders M.","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Science University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Laboratory University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srdjan","family":"Djurovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olav B.","family":"Smeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole A.","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010019\u20100137\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1604223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)01653\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010015\u20101104\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0\u2010306\u201047148\u20105_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413499407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16954"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059417744120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(18)30050\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ypg.0000000000000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582\u2010020\u20100364\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010019\u20100634\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010019\u20100546\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010018\u20100332\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201004434\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010021\u201000857\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201003819\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010019\u20100512\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439\u2010019\u201002060\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asq075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giz082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010018\u20100147\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201900254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010017\u201001261\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010022\u201001160\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010022\u201001709\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.4188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GaddisN MathurR MarksJ et al.Multi\u2010trait genome\u2010wide association study of opioid addiction: OPRM1 and Beyond.medRxiv. Published online2021:2021.09.13.21263503.10.1101\/2021.09.13.21263503","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.09.13.21263503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010019\u20100481\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201004556\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010020\u20100758\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010022\u201001536\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201010310\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010019\u20100497\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109258(19)74221\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010642\u201046660\u20101_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010018\u20100326\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl426"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.210145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201009657\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahg.12046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010006\u20100578\u2010x"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.13282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T11:46:06Z","timestamp":1692531966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/adb.13282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/adb.13282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13282","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.09.09.22279755","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13282"}}