{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:51:58Z","timestamp":1788835918892,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AA027827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AA027827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA05486901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA05486901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31AA029934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31AA029934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AA030083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AA030083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AA27827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AA27827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DA055367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DA055367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol use is a growing global health concern and economic burden. Alcohol involvement (i.e., initiation, use, problematic use, alcohol use disorder) has been reliably associated with broad spectrum grey matter differences in cross\u2010sectional studies. These findings have been largely interpreted as reflecting alcohol\u2010induced atrophy. However, emerging data suggest that brain structure differences also represent pre\u2010existing vulnerability factors for alcohol involvement. Here, we review evidence from human studies with designs (i.e., family\u2010based, genomic, longitudinal) that allow them to assess the plausibility that these correlates reflect predispositional risk factors and\/or causal consequences of alcohol involvement. These studies provide convergent evidence that grey matter correlates of alcohol involvement largely reflect predisposing risk factors, with some evidence for potential alcohol\u2010induced atrophy. These conclusions highlight the importance of study designs that can provide causal clues to cross\u2010sectional observations. An integrative model may best account for these data, in which predisposition to alcohol use affects brain development, effects which may then be compounded by the neurotoxic consequences of heavy alcohol use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T06:44:56Z","timestamp":1693377896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Alcohol use and grey matter structure: Disentangling predispositional and causal contributions in human studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6659-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A. A.","family":"Baranger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University St. Louis Medical School  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0320-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological &amp; Brain Sciences Washington University St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8002-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Hatoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological &amp; Brain Sciences Washington University St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in Medicine Institute Washington University St. Louis Medical School  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1430-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Bogdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological &amp; Brain Sciences Washington University St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)31310\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.2361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010020\u201000880\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17040415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201028735\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3206\u201015.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TopiwalaA EbmeierKP Maullin\u2010SapeyT NicholsTE.No safe level of alcohol consumption for brain health: observational cohort study of 25 378 UK Biobank participants.2021.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.05.10.21256931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010021\u201000482\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721004682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.76.3.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1511480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2007.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17040469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386\u2010022\u201001457\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14101249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201056089\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010019\u201000089\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15121587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010014\u20103483\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2014.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010020\u20100822\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.77545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.44056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.4063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201004554\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2015.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003\u2010021\u201002712\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2329\u20106488.S1\u2010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369\u20101600.2006.00043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547019865267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311\u2010015\u20100747\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.3.403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DalmaijerES.Twin studies with unmet assumptions are biased towards genetic heritability.2020.10.1101\/2020.08.27.270801","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.27.270801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010clinpsy\u2010050817\u2010084847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010018\u20100255\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay6690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010020\u20100643\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586\u2010018\u201001023\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Binge Drinking's effects on the developing brain\u2014animal models","volume":"39","author":"Hiller\u2010Sturmh\u00f6fel S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Curr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2010.01385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2006.00146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0044\u201019.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S130078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015\u20104256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(19)30150\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1808\u201018.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010devpsych\u2010121318\u2010084950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17070777"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HatoumAS ColbertSMC JohnsonEC et al.Multivariate genome\u2010wide association meta\u2010analysis of over 1 million subjects identifies loci underlying multiple substance use disorders.2022.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.06.22268753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010021\u201001204\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429\u2010021\u201000357\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.03.053"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.13327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T07:28:15Z","timestamp":1693380495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/adb.13327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/adb.13327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13327","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13327"}}