{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:43:11Z","timestamp":1787013791162,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61972460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61972460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62372470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62272481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62172440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62072471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JJ4923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JJ4883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Betel quid (BQ) ranks fourth in global self\u2010administered psychoactive agents, after caffeine, alcohol and nicotine, with 600 million consumers. Patients with BQ dependence (BQD) disorder demonstrate deficits in executive function. However, the neural correlates of the resting\u2010state executive control network (ECN) and BQD\u2010related pathopsychological characteristics still remain unclear. The present study aimed to assess the functional and effective connectivity of the ECN using resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs\u2010fMRI). Fifty\u2010five BQD individuals and 54 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. The executive function of all participants was tested by three tasks. Independent component and Granger causal analysis were employed to investigate the functional connectivity within ECN and ECN\u2010related directional effective connectivity, separately. Behavioural results suggested a marked deficit of executive function in BQD individuals. Compared with HCs, BQD individuals showed overall weaker functional connectivity in the ECN, mainly including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). We observed decreased outflow of information from the right DLPFC and IPL to the precentral\/pre\u2010supplement motor area (SMA) and increased outflow of information from the MFG to the middle occipital gyrus in BQD individuals. Correlation analysis revealed that the effective connectivity from IPL to precentral\/pre\u2010SMA was negatively correlated to the BQD scales in BQD individuals. Our findings revealed impaired executive function, functional connectivity of the ECN and causal interaction between networks in patients with BQD. These results could potentially direct future targets for the prevention and intervention of BQD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T13:34:32Z","timestamp":1696253672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Executive function deficit in betel quid\u2010dependence: Evidence from functional and effective connectivity of executive control network"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Meiting","family":"Ban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongcui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jincheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3731-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Singhand Intelligent Data Technology Co., Ltd  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Center Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210120091464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V33N4p31S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Betel\u2010quid and areca\u2010nut chewing and some areca\u2010nut derived nitrosamines","author":"Humans. IWGotEoCRt","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210120091455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118806299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5587\u201006.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1868\u201009.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.10.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811000142s106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201000042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.742228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2011.00072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3321\u201004.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3188\u201014.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852920001832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s003329172000032x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010014\u20100982\u20107"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"364","article-title":"Gray matter abnormalities associated with betel quid dependence: a voxel\u2010based morphometry study","volume":"7","author":"Chen F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010017\u20104602\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000453212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.4307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617709090626"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021\u2010016\u20109299\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010012\u20102689\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar800247d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2015.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010011\u20100636\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2022.108409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2009.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.974778"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.578913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.015"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.13341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T04:09:42Z","timestamp":1699589382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/adb.13341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/adb.13341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13341","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13341"}}