{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:52:04Z","timestamp":1773006724565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30390\u2010B27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30390\u2010B27"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005644","name":"Universit\u00e4t Salzburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W 1233\u2010B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W 1233\u2010B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005644","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impaired decision\u2010making is often displayed by individuals suffering from gambling disorder (GD). Since there are a variety of different phenomena influencing decision\u2010making, we focused in this study on the effects of GD on neural and behavioural processes related to loss aversion and choice difficulty. Behavioural responses as well as brain images of 23 patients with GD and 20 controls were recorded while they completed a mixed gambles task, where they had to decide to either accept or reject gambles with different amounts of potential gain and loss. We found no behavioural loss aversion in either group and no group differences regarding loss and gain\u2010related choice behaviour, but there was a weaker relation between choice difficulty and decision time in patients with GD. Similarly, we observed no group differences in processing of losses or gains, but choice difficulty was weaker associated with brain activity in the right anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex in patients with GD. Our results showed for the first time the effects of GD on neural processes related to choice difficulty. In addition, our findings on choice difficulty give new insights on the psychopathology of GD and on neural processes related to impaired decision\u2010making in GD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T05:39:04Z","timestamp":1715405944000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Loss, gain and choice difficulty in gambling patients: Neural and behavioural processes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9681-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Freinhofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology University of Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Schwartenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology University of Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Christian\u2010Doppler Medical Centre Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Neuroimaging University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Thon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Christian\u2010Doppler Medical Centre Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Aichhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Christian\u2010Doppler Medical Centre Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Lenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology University of Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friedrich M.","family":"Wurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Christian\u2010Doppler Medical Centre Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Medical Faculty and Psychiatric University Hospital University Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kronbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology University of Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Christian\u2010Doppler Medical Centre Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2018).International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics 11th revision. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse11\/l-m\/en"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814417358_0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00309"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13481"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.03.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201016433\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899\u2010015\u20109587\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134239"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0497\u201013.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107550"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010013\u20100668\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20344"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2005.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.2011.01177.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/npe0000052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.9.4.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4195\u201007.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3771"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899\u2010017\u20109709\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (revised)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","volume-title":"AUDIT: the alcohol use disorders identification test: guidelines for use in primary health care","author":"Babor TF","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306\u20104603(78)90024\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","volume-title":"The state\u2010trait anxiety inventory","author":"Spielberger C","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.9.1184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","unstructured":"Pinheiro J. Bates D. &R Core Team. (2022).Nlme. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=nlme"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1635"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064\u20101297.11.2.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpr.12385"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walasek L. Mullett T. L. &Stewart N.(2018).A meta\u2010analysis of loss aversion in risky contexts. Available at SSRN 3189088.10.2139\/ssrn.3189088","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3189088"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02723"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147479"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2003.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S68695"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470910902934400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045938"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.598559"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.13396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T15:32:47Z","timestamp":1732894367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/adb.13396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/adb.13396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13396","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13396"}}