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Carver Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evidence indicates that the activity of the infralimbic cortex (IL), as well as its projections to the nucleus accumbens shell (NAshell) and amygdala, following an unreinforced lever press is critical for cocaine extinction learning and retention. It is unclear whether the same neural circuitry is involved in extinction encoding for other classes of addictive drugs, including opioids. In this study, we used a behaviour\u2010controlled optogenetic approach in female and male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats to examine the role of the IL and its projections in the extinction of heroin seeking. Rats first underwent 12+\u2009days of 6\u2010 or 3\u2010h heroin self\u2010administration sessions, followed by 12\u2009days of extinction training. Optogenetic inhibition of the IL, IL\u2010NAshell or IL\u2010amygdala pathway was given for 20\u2009s immediately following an unreinforced lever press during the first 5\u2009days of extinction. Unlike cocaine extinction, these manipulations had no effect on lever pressing during extinction training, nor on the retention of extinction learning, as assessed during the subsequent 7\u2009days of extinction without optogenetic inhibition. These results suggest that the extinction of heroin seeking does not involve the same infralimbic mechanisms that are critical for the extinction of cocaine seeking. Although extinction learning did not differ by sex, analyses of self\u2010administration data revealed that females self\u2010administered more heroin than males in 3\u2009h, but not 6\u2009h, self\u2010administration sessions, indicating session length\u2010dependent sex differences in heroin taking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:21:05Z","timestamp":1761070865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Extinction of Heroin Seeking Does Not Require the Infralimbic Cortex or Its Projections to the Nucleus Accumbens Shell or Amygdala"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1011-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew\u00a0S.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience University of 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