{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T19:27:45Z","timestamp":1788550065793,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Abstinence from drug use is often the result of the associated negative consequences. However, relapse occurs in a large proportion of abstinent users, and the underlying brain mechanisms are not clear. An arguably relevant brain area is the posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (pPVT), which plays a role in motivational processes and addiction\u2010like behaviours. Using a punishment\u2010imposed abstinence procedure, we assessed the effect of chemogenetic inhibition and excitation of the pPVT on food deprivation\u2010induced relapse to heroin\u2010seeking in male and female rats. Rats were trained to self\u2010administer heroin (0.1\u2009mg\/kg\/infusion) for 2\u2009weeks under a seeking\u2013taking chain schedule. For punishment\u2010imposed abstinence, a mild footshock (0.2 to 0.6\u2009mA) was delivered on 30% of the completed seek lever links instead of access to the take lever. Relapse to heroin\u2010seeking was tested after 24\u2009h of food deprivation and under sated condition. Animals were injected (i.p.) with either a DREADD ligand or vehicle 15\u201320\u2009min before the tests. There was no sex difference in heroin self\u2010administration or punishment\u2010imposed abstinence. Under the food deprivation condition, chemogenetic inhibition of the pPVT increased heroin\u2010seeking compared to the control group, only in male rats. Chemogenetic excitation of the pPVT resulted in an increase in heroin\u2010seeking under food deprivation conditions. Our results support an involvement of the pPVT in relapse to heroin\u2010seeking and suggest a sex\u2010dependent effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:05:24Z","timestamp":1767917124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of the Posterior Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus in Food Deprivation\u2010Induced Heroin\u2010Seeking Relapse, in Male and Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Catarina","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Darecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Mainville\u2010Berthiaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ah\u2010Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahgol","family":"Darvishmolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Courtemanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uri","family":"Shalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7417\/CT.2021.2315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165\u20100173(00)00024\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100917"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010011\u20102263\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00213\u2010013\u20103120\u2010Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386\u2010018\u20100234\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00213\u2010006\u20100427\u2010Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S002130000441"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/EJN.12112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00213\u2010022\u201006207\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Progress in Brain Research","author":"Millan E. 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