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Although previous studies have reported altered self\u2010reported sleep quality in adolescent smokers, relatively few studies using polysomnography have objectively examined critical sleep microstructural components (i.e., slow\u2010wave activity and sleep spindle characteristics) in young smokers. This study investigated changes in these electroencephalographic indices in adolescent smokers and their associations with smoking\u2010related characteristics. We recruited 20 young smokers and 16 non\u2010smokers, collecting their overnight polysomnography data. The Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence assessed dependence levels, and the pack\u2010year index quantified cumulative smoking exposure. We analysed slow waves (0.5\u20134.5\u2009Hz) in N3 sleep and spindles (11\u201316\u2009Hz) in N2 sleep, quantifying parameters via the YASA toolbox. 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Sleep slow waves and spindles may serve as biomarkers for sleep quality in young smokers, deepening understanding of the sleep\u2013smoking relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T02:45:08Z","timestamp":1775443508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sleep Slow\u2010Wave and Spindle Alterations in Young Smokers Correlated With the Severity of Cigarette Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Shuailin","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Digital and Intelligent Industry Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology  Baotou Inner Mongolia 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