{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T02:27:52Z","timestamp":1789266472807,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402170461 \u2010 TRR 265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402170461 \u2010 TRR 265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is considered a chronic disorder with a highly variable course. Understanding this variability is crucial for identifying factors associated with persistence versus spontaneous remission. We analysed data from\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009462 individuals with AUD in an observational longitudinal cohort study to identify factors associated with spontaneous remission. All participants met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM\u20105) criteria for AUD at study entry and were reassessed after 1\u2009year, in which they were classified as being in spontaneous remission (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009107), falling below the \u2265\u20092\u2010criteria threshold for AUD (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200987) or continuing to meet AUD criteria (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009296). Groups were compared on socio\u2010demographic, clinical and substance use variables at baseline and after 1\u2009year. Additionally, we used machine learning models to identify baseline characteristics predicting a persistent course of AUD. Between\u2010group comparisons revealed that individuals who experienced spontaneous remission reported significantly lower AUD severity (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (2,459)\u2009=\u200925.17,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), lower levels of alcohol intake (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (2,459)\u2009=\u20098.31,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.013) and fewer drinking days (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (2,459)\u2009=\u200911.91,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) at baseline and after 1\u2009year. Machine learning analysis demonstrated moderate classification performance (AUC\u2009=\u20090.679), with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) sum score being the most informative predictor for group classification. Our findings indicate significant differences between spontaneously remitted and non\u2010remitted individuals on key alcohol\u2010related variables, supporting the clinical validity of remission as defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). In addition, baseline characteristics may help identify individuals at risk of persistent AUD, enabling earlier identification of those who may benefit from specialized treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n DRKS number: DRKS00020580<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.70153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T06:26:41Z","timestamp":1778480801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating Factors Associated With Spontaneous Remission in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder\u2014Results From a Multi\u2010Site Longitudinal Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2863-8284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Zaiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm Mannheim\/Heidelberg\/Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Nitsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9713-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm Mannheim\/Heidelberg\/Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm Mannheim\/Heidelberg\/Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9538-6288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadja Samia","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Unversit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin\u2010Potsdam Berlin\/Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Grundmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samanda","family":"Krasniqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Arntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Health Sciences University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Strehle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH) Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8870-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Marxen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Vollst\u00e4dt\u2010Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm Mannheim\/Heidelberg\/Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra\u2010Faculty Unit \u201cCognitive Sciences\u201d, Faculty of Human Science, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and e\u2010Health University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm Mannheim\/Heidelberg\/Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS) Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2151-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Spanagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Psychopharmacology Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5398-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Smolka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm Mannheim\/Heidelberg\/Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS) Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University Mannheim\/Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm Mannheim\/Heidelberg\/Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS) Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60746-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01281-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v40.3.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"NIAAA Recovery Research Definitions. Available from:https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/research\/niaaa\u2010recovery\u2010from\u2010alcohol\u2010use\u2010disorder\/definitions."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","article-title":"Associations Between Alcohol Use Disorder Polygenic Score and Remission in Participants From High\u2010Risk Families and the Indiana Biobank","author":"Lai D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-024-00443-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-031323-115847"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14722"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12309"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2020.81.436"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2020.1803782"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12866"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1563"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-023-00588-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojpsych.2013.32025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000526137"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12446"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.108007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.37192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12434"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.70153","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/adb.70153","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.70153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T01:18:01Z","timestamp":1784683081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/adb.70153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/adb.70153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.70153","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70153"}}