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The neurocognitive correlates of AUD have been extensively studied, but their interaction with psychosocial contributors remains less clear. Social mistreatment is common in human society, and negative social experiences can lead to poor health behaviours, such as binge drinking. Inhibitory control and error processing are cognitive functions facilitating self\u2010regulation, which may mitigate the influence of social mistreatment on alcohol misuse. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between general social mistreatment (GSM) and alcohol use problems across 3\u2009years among 133 college students (64.7% females) via self\u2010report surveys. Inhibitory control\u2010 and error processing\u2010related behavioural performance and brain network activation during a Stop\u2010Signal Task at baseline were explored as moderators of the GSM\u2010alcohol association. Our sample showed significantly increased risky drinking behaviours between the baseline and final follow\u2010up 3\u2009years later, and this slope became steeper as a function of increased GSM. Behaviourally, stop\u2010signal reaction time (SSRT) but not post\u2010error slowing interacted with time and GSM, such that faster SSRT was associated with attenuated alcohol misuse slope (independent of GSM) and a lower impact of GSM on alcohol misuse (independent of time). Additionally, the effect of GSM on the slope of alcohol misuse was moderated by error\u2010related subcortical network activation, but not by inhibition\u2010related networks. Slope contrasts demonstrated that reduced subcortical activation (associated with greater behavioural slowing) was protective against alcohol misuse development among individuals with lower GSM but not those with higher GSM. This study conforms with the existing literature that GSM exacerbates risky drinking in college students. Our results suggest that the detrimental effect of psychosocial risk is attenuated by motor response inhibition, and neural sensitivity to error is protective only in the context of lower social mistreatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.70187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:40:31Z","timestamp":1789350031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social Mistreatment Effect on Alcohol Misuse Trajectories Is Moderated by Subcortical Network Activation During Error Processing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0371-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia\u2010Chuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Center for Addiction Research and Education McKnight Brain Institute at University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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