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Measures were also taken of executive function, working memory, information processing speed, verbal\/non\u2010verbal learning and psychological distress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjusting for age, sex, pre\u2010morbid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> and psychological distress, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAIN<\/jats:styled-content> group was impaired relative to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content> (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.19, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABST<\/jats:styled-content> (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.19, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) on emotion perception and relative to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content> (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.25, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABST<\/jats:styled-content> (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.24, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) on social inference. In neither case did the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABST<\/jats:styled-content> groups differ. For both emotion perception (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and social inference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), pre\u2010morbid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> was a significant independent predictor. Cognitive function was a major predictor of poor emotion perception (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.44, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and social inference (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.48, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Poor emotion recognition was also predicted by number of heroin overdoses (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.14, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Neither time in treatment or type of maintenance medication (methadone or buprenorphine) were related to performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>People in opioid maintenance treatment may have an impaired capacity for emotion perception and ability to make inferences about social situations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,19]],"date-time":"2012-11-19T01:10:42Z","timestamp":1353287442000},"page":"566-574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Deficits in social perception in opioid maintenance patients, abstinent opioid users and non\u2010opioid users"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Skye","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Darke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharlene","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Torok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511732249"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/026151007X235891"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010343000237"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.100179"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.673"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(03)00130-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.18.3.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn314"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2004.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.14.3.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617708080016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.4.705"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.4.682"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.3.600"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280600646185"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","volume-title":"Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse","author":"Karch S. 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