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Symptoms of inattention (90%) were more prevalent than symptoms of hyperactivity\/impulsivity (57%). Of those who screened positive for adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>, only 17% had received a prior diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> group differed from other participants in several respects: an earlier initiation of substance use and injecting drug use; more extensive polydrug use; a higher frequency of recent stimulant use and injecting drug use; a greater likelihood of stimulant dependence; and a greater likelihood of having received treatment for drug dependence. After controlling for other factors, screening positive for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> was associated independently with fewer years of education, earlier initiation of regular tobacco use and more extensive life\u2010time polydrug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicians should be aware of the potential for patients of drug and alcohol treatment services to have undiagnosed and\/or untreated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> that may impact on their compliance with, and retention in, treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T11:34:25Z","timestamp":1355225665000},"page":"923-931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 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