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Post\u2010hospitalization, patients using alcohol (B\u2009=\u2009\u22120.15,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and cannabis (B\u2009=\u2009\u22120.27,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) decreased, but patterns varied across diagnosis and genders. Patients using cannabis decreased at greater rates in depressive and schizophrenia\u2010spectrum compared with bipolar (all<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and more men used alcohol (B\u2009=\u20090.76,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and cannabis (B\u2009=\u20091.56,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than women. Cannabis (B\u2009=\u20091.65,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and alcohol (B\u2009=\u20091.04,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) were associated with higher symptomatology; cannabis (B\u2009=\u2009\u22122.33,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and alcohol (B\u2009=\u2009\u22121.45,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012) were associated with lower functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substance use is frequent and associated with poor recovery in patients with serious mental illness recently discharged from psychiatric hospitalization. Addiction treatments personalized by diagnosis and gender may be effective for improving outcomes in people with serious mental illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,25]],"date-time":"2013-02-25T10:48:18Z","timestamp":1361789298000},"page":"1259-1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Characterizing the longitudinal patterns of substance use among individuals diagnosed with serious mental illness after psychiatric hospitalization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Amber L.","family":"Bahorik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina 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