{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T19:17:56Z","timestamp":1789931876766,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]],"date-time":"2013-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms of substance dependence are psychometrically equivalent between existing community\u2010sampled and clinically overselected studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2476 adult twins born in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>innesota and 4121 unrelated adult participants from a case\u2013control study of alcohol dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Life\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> alcohol, marijuana and cocaine dependence symptoms and ever use of each substance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We fitted a hierarchical model to the data, in which ever use and dependence symptoms for each substance were indicators of alcohol, marijuana or cocaine dependence which were, in turn, indicators of a multi\u2010substance dependence factor. We then tested the model for measurement invariance across participant groups, defined by study source and participant sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hierarchical model fitted well among males and females within each sample [comparative fit index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFI)<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009&gt;\u20090.96, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ucker\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>ewis index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLI)<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009&gt;\u20090.95 and root mean square error of approximation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMSEA)<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009&lt;\u20090.04 for all], and a multi\u2010group model demonstrated that model parameters were equivalent across sample\u2010 and sex\u2010defined groups (\u0394<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20090.002 between constrained and unconstrained models). Differences between groups in symptom endorsement rates could be expressed solely as mean differences in the multi\u2010substance dependence factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Life\u2010time substance dependence symptoms fitted a dimensional model well. Although clinically overselected participants endorsed more dependence symptoms, on average, than community\u2010sampled participants, the pattern of symptom endorsement was similar across groups. From a measurement perspective, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> criteria are equally appropriate for describing substance dependence across different sampling methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]],"date-time":"2013-05-07T18:39:33Z","timestamp":1367951973000},"page":"1767-1776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Measurement invariance of <scp>DSM<\/scp>\u2010<scp>IV<\/scp> alcohol, marijuana and cocaine dependence between community\u2010sampled and clinically overselected studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Jaime","family":"Derringer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado  Boulder CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert 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