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Cannabis lapse was associated with positive (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and negative expectancies (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), and relapse was associated with positive (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04), but not negative (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.21), expectancies. The trajectory of average cannabis use during the cessation period was associated with positive (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), but not negative (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.96), expectancies. Results were similar in effect and statistical significance when adjusting for demographic factors, motivation to quit cannabis, mental disorder diagnoses, and alcohol and tobacco use, and when analyzing complete data sets obtained through multiple imputation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the USA, cannabis use expectancies, especially those regarding the positive effects of cannabis use, appear to be strongly and consistently linked to cannabis use and quit failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,30]],"date-time":"2013-04-30T10:27:26Z","timestamp":1367317646000},"page":"1649-1657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The effects of cannabis use expectancies on self\u2010initiated cannabis cessation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Matthew Tyler","family":"Boden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation to Implementation VA Palo Alto Health Care System  Menlo Park CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Substance Abuse Treatment and Education Philadelphia VAMC  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. 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