{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:21:57Z","timestamp":1789579317373,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compile and analyze critically the literature published on street children and substance use in resource\u2010constrained settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched the literature systematically and used meta\u2010analytical procedures to synthesize literature that met the review's inclusion criteria. Pooled\u2010prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the random\u2010effects model for life\u2010time substance use by geographical region as well as by type of substance used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty studies from 22 countries were included into the review. Meta\u2010analysis of combined life\u2010time substance use from 27 studies yielded an overall drug use pooled\u2010prevalence estimate of 60% (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2009=\u200951\u201369%). Studies from 14 countries contributed to an overall pooled prevalence for street children's reported inhalant use of 47% (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2009=\u200936\u201358%). This review reveals significant gaps in the literature, including a dearth of data on physical and mental health outcomes,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and mortality in association with street children's substance use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Street children from resource\u2010constrained settings reported high life\u2010time substance use. Inhalants are the predominant substances used, followed by tobacco, alcohol and marijuana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T04:12:45Z","timestamp":1373602365000},"page":"1722-1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["The epidemiology of substance use among street children in resource\u2010constrained settings: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Lonnie","family":"Embleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences Department of Medicine Moi University  Eldoret Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Sciences Moi University  Eldoret Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Vreeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Moi University  Eldoret Kenya"},{"name":"School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Indiana University  Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ayuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Sciences Moi University  Eldoret Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Braitstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences Department of Medicine Moi University  Eldoret Kenya"},{"name":"School of Medicine Department of Medicine Indiana University  Indianapolis IN USA"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Regenstrief Institute, Inc.  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