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Years of potential life lost (YPLL<\/jats:styled-content>) were calculated with reference to A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian life tables and by calculating years lost before the age of 65 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>There were 43\u2009789 people in the cohort, with 412\u2009216 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up. The proportion of the cohort aged 40+ years increased from 1% in 1985 to 39% in 2005. Accidental opioid overdoses, suicides, transport accidents and violent deaths declined with age; deaths from cardiovascular disease, liver disease and cancer increased. Among men, 89% of deaths were potentially avoidable; among women, 86% of deaths were avoidable. There were an estimated 160\u2009555 YPLL<\/jats:styled-content> in the cohort, an average of 44 YPLL<\/jats:styled-content> per decedent and an average of 29 YPLL<\/jats:styled-content> before age 65 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Among a cohort of opioid\u2010dependent people in N<\/jats:styled-content>ew S<\/jats:styled-content>outh W<\/jats:styled-content>ales, 1985\u20132005, almost nine in 10 deaths in the cohort were avoidable. There is huge scope to improve mortality among opioid\u2010dependent people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,20]],"date-time":"2013-08-20T11:48:49Z","timestamp":1376999329000},"page":"90-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Causes of death in a cohort treated for opioid dependence between 1985 and 2005"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Louisa","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Larney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Research School of Medicine University of Western Sydney Penrith Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research University of Queensland Herston Australia"},{"name":"National Addiction Centre Kings College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cki168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.Mortality related to drug use in Europe: public health implications. 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