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Each group was assessed before receiving their assigned condition and followed\u2010up 3 months after. Events of witnessing and managing an overdose during follow\u2010up were also recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>At follow\u2010up, study participants who had received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THN<\/jats:styled-content> training reported greater overdose\u2010related knowledge relative to those receiving basic information only [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OOKS<\/jats:styled-content> mean difference, 4.08 (95% confidence interval, 2.10\u20136.06; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.74 (0.37\u20131.10)]. There were also more positive opioid overdose\u2010related attitudes among the trained group at follow\u2010up [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OOAS<\/jats:styled-content> mean difference, 7.47 (3.13\u201311.82); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001; <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.61 (0.25\u20130.97)]. At the individual level 35 and 54%, respectively, of the experimental group increased their knowledge and attitudes compared with 11 and 30% of the control group. During follow\u2010up, 13 participants witnessed an overdose with naloxone administered on eight occasions: five among the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010trained group and three among the controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Take\u2010home naloxone training for family members of heroin users increases opioid overdose\u2010related knowledge and competence and these benefits are well retained after 3 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T15:57:38Z","timestamp":1381247858000},"page":"250-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Training family members to manage heroin overdose and administer naloxone: randomized trial of effects on knowledge and attitudes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Anna V.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Department Institute of Psychiatry King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Marsden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Department Institute of Psychiatry King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Strang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Department Institute of Psychiatry King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.503"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cki168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9422216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00079.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9411174511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdp067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).European Drug Report 2013: Trends and developments. 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