{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:56:56Z","timestamp":1789865816193,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>To assess the association between hepatitis C<\/jats:styled-content> virus (HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection and overall and liver\u2010related death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010infected patients with alcohol problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>We analyzed data from a cohort of HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected adults with current or past alcohol problems enrolled between 2001 and 2003, searching for causes of death until 2010 using the N<\/jats:styled-content>ational D<\/jats:styled-content>eath I<\/jats:styled-content>ndex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>Participants were HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected adults with current or past alcohol problems, recruited in B<\/jats:styled-content>oston, MA<\/jats:styled-content> from HIV<\/jats:styled-content> clinics at two hospitals, homeless shelters, drug treatment programs, subject referrals, flyers and another cohort study with comparable recruitment sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Measurements<\/jats:title>The primary and secondary outcomes were all\u2010cause and liver\u2010related mortality, respectively. The main independent variable was hepatitis C virus (HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) RNA<\/jats:styled-content> status (positive versus negative). Mortality rates and K<\/jats:styled-content>aplan\u2013M<\/jats:styled-content>eier survival curves were calculated by HCV<\/jats:styled-content> status for both overall and liver\u2010related mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and overall and liver\u2010related death, adjusting for alcohol and drug use over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>A total of 397 adults (50% HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected) were included. As of 31 D<\/jats:styled-content>ecember 2009, 83 cohort participants had died (60 HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected, 23 HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010uninfected; log\u2010rank test P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001), and 26 of those deaths were liver\u2010related (21 HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected, five HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010uninfected; log\u2010rank test P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001). All\u2010cause and liver\u2010related mortality rates were 4.68 and 1.64 deaths per 100 person\u2010years for HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients and 1.65 and 0.36 per 100 person\u2010years for those without HCV<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively. In the fully adjusted Cox model, HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection was associated with both overall [hazard ratio (HR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2009=\u20092.55, 95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2009=\u20091.50\u20134.33, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.01], and liver\u2010related mortality (HR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20093.24, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20091.18\u20138.94, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Hepatitis C<\/jats:styled-content> virus infection is associated independently with all\u2010cause and liver\u2010related mortality in human immunodeficiency virus\u2010infected patients with alcohol problems, even when accounting for alcohol and other drug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T00:59:08Z","timestamp":1381539548000},"page":"62-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Chronic hepatitis C<\/scp> virus infection is associated with all\u2010cause and liver\u2010related mortality in a cohort of HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected patients with alcohol problems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fuster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie M.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Addiction Research and Education 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