{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:49:02Z","timestamp":1788922142983,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,19]],"date-time":"2014-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>Supervised consumption of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT<\/jats:styled-content>) is standard in many drug centres reducing drug diversion, but is costly. We aimed to determine whether supervised consumption of OMT<\/jats:styled-content> improved retention and other measures of drug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>Pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing 3 months of daily supervised consumption of OMT<\/jats:styled-content> with 1 month or less of daily supervised OMT<\/jats:styled-content>, then daily unsupervised consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Setting<\/jats:title>Four community drug services in the U<\/jats:styled-content>nited K<\/jats:styled-content>ingdom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Participants<\/jats:title>A total of 293 opioid\u2010dependent patients entering OMT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Measurements<\/jats:title>Primary outcome: retention in treatment at 12 weeks. Secondary: retention at 6 months; illicit drug use [M<\/jats:styled-content>audsley A<\/jats:styled-content>ddiction P<\/jats:styled-content>rofile (MAP<\/jats:styled-content>)]; quality of life (SF<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 and MAP<\/jats:styled-content>); criminality (MAP<\/jats:styled-content>); and social functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>No significant between\u2010group difference was observed for the primary outcome: 69% (100 of 145) supervised and 74% (109 of 148) unsupervised were retained [odds ratio (OR)<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20090.74, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:styled-content>0.43\u20131.27]. Per protocol survival analysis suggested that supervised patients were less well retained (hazard ratio for retention\u2009=\u20090.71, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20090.51\u20131.00). Illicit opioid use reduced in both groups and, while not statistically significant by intention\u2010to\u2010treat analysis, favoured unsupervised patients in per protocol analysis (odds of positive opioid screen for supervised versus unsupervised\u2009=\u20092.07, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.05\u20134.06). Data on criminal activity also favoured unsupervised patients with 21% supervised patients committing crime versus 9% unsupervised (OR\u2009=\u20093.37, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.28\u20138.86).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>There was no evidence of a difference in treatment retention or opioid use rates between patients whose consumption of opioid maintenance treatment was supervised for 3 months daily (except Saturdays) compared with supervision for 1 month. There was some evidence that longer periods of supervised consumption were associated with higher levels of criminality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T13:14:27Z","timestamp":1386162867000},"page":"596-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Treatment retention, drug use and social functioning outcomes in those receiving 3 months versus 1 month of supervised opioid maintenance treatment. Results from the Super C<\/scp> randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Holland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivienne","family":"Maskrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Swift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Notley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess","family":"Nagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Research Network, Imperial College London North London Hub London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development Department Hertfordshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust Department of Psychiatry QEII Hospital Howlands, Welwyn Garden City UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Kouimtsidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust Leatherhead Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Drug Misuse and Dependence: Guidelines on Clinical Management","author":"Department of Health","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200012000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.10.1343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00425.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"Independent Expert Working Group.Clinical Guidelines on Drug Misuse and Dependence Update 2007: Consultation Draft June 2007. London: National Treatment Agency;2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"CremadesC.MSc dissertation: A study of supervised vs. unsupervised consumption of opiate maintenance treatment in Norfolk.Norwich: University of East Anglia 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.9312185711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00117-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"HollandR. MathesonC. AnthonyG. RobertsK. PriyardarshiS. MacraeA.et\u2009al.Pilot study of an RCT of brief (3 months) supervised consumption vs. twice weekly supervised consumption vs. standard supervised consumption (6 months) of methadone in patients receiving opiate maintenance treatment. Edinburgh: Chief Scientist Office;2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.12.002"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.12439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.12439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T18:40:29Z","timestamp":1696531229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.12439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,19]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.12439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.12439","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-01-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-11-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-01-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}