{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:07:28Z","timestamp":1787648848504,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]],"date-time":"2014-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol use disorders are common among people with psychosis and are associated with poorer prognoses. In psychosis patients, there are inconsistent findings regarding the link between alcohol disorders and clinical symptomatic outcomes. This study examined the relationships between alcohol consumption and specific clinical outcomes, including affective symptoms, in psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were recruited from secondary care services in the United Kingdom. Two hundred and ten participants whose substance use met inclusion for an alcohol disorder were compared with other substance users (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009117) on baseline demographic, clinical and substance use variables. The alcohol subgroup was assessed at three time\u2010points, with repeated measures of psychopathology and alcohol use over a 2\u2010year period. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>eneralized estimating equations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEE<\/jats:styled-content>) models were used to examine whether change in alcohol use was associated with change in clinical outcomes. We controlled for a wide range of potential confounds, including other substance use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A small but specific effect was evident for change in the quantity of alcohol consumed on change in depression (adjusted coefficient for 10 total units over 90 days: 0.0015, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047). Alcohol consumption was not associated with subsequent severity of psychotic symptoms (adjusted coefficient for Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale general for 10 average daily units 0.2492, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.420) or severity of anxiety symptoms (adjusted coefficient for 10 average daily units 0.0534, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.473).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For people with psychosis, the most detrimental effect of alcohol consumption appears to be its effect on mood. Some of this effect seems to be reversible, with drinking reduction associated with subsequent mood improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]],"date-time":"2014-04-29T04:22:38Z","timestamp":1398745358000},"page":"1297-1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The impact of alcohol on clinical outcomes in established psychosis: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Barrowclough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Eisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Bucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Emsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Til","family":"Wykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.4.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.8.1412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00177-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e318093f425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(08)70164-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199912000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Correlates and outcomes of alcohol use disorder among rural outpatients with schizophrenia","volume":"55","author":"Osher F. 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