{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T09:22:16Z","timestamp":1783675336478,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIDA","award":["R01 DA22221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA22221"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare regional brain activation among adolescents with bipolar disorder and co\u2010occurring cannabis use disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>incinnati, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescents with bipolar disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914), adolescents with cannabis use disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MJ<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913), adolescents with co\u2010occurring cannabis use and bipolar disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPMJ<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) and healthy adolescents (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cannabis craving, substance use, Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD)<\/jats:styled-content> signal assessed by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>arijuana <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>raving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>uestionnaire (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCQ<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>een\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ddiction <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>everity <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ndex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASI<\/jats:styled-content>) and a cannabis cue\u2013reactivity task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI)<\/jats:styled-content> session, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> group exhibited significantly greater brain activation than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPMJ<\/jats:styled-content> group in the right amygdala (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.14, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046), left nucleus accumbens (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), left thalamus (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and the right thalamus (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> group exhibited significantly greater activation than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> group in the left nucleus accumbens (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001), right thalamus (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and the left striatum (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). Left amygdala activation of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPMJ<\/jats:styled-content> group trended towards being significantly negatively correlated with the number of joints smoked (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bipolar adolescents with comorbid cannabis use do not exhibit the same over\u2010activation of the regions involved in emotional processing as seen in adolescents with bipolar disorder alone. The absence of these findings in patients with comorbid bipolar and cannabis use disorders suggests that these individuals may have a unique endophenotype of bipolar disorder or that cannabis use may alter brain activation uniquely in bipolar disorder patients who use cannabis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T20:20:15Z","timestamp":1403641215000},"page":"1901-1909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neurofunctional changes in adolescent cannabis users with and without bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Samantha M.","family":"Bitter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Division of Bipolar Disorder Research University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"University Research Council's (URC) Undergraduate Student Research Fellowship University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"School of Energy, Environmental, Biological and Medical Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Science University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caleb M.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Division of Bipolar Disorder Research University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Center for Imaging Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Eliassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Imaging Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wade A.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Division of Bipolar Disorder Research University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Welge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Division of Bipolar Disorder Research University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquin","family":"Burciaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Division of Bipolar Disorder Research University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula K.","family":"Shear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Division of Bipolar Disorder Research University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Strakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Division of Bipolar Disorder Research University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Center for Imaging Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa P.","family":"DelBello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Division of Bipolar Disorder Research University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Cannabis\u2010induced bipolar disorder with psychotic features","volume":"6","author":"Khan M. 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