{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:30:57Z","timestamp":1791844257824,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased expectations for the use of evidence\u2010based methods in addiction treatment have fueled a debate regarding the relative importance of \u2018specific\u2019 versus \u2018common\u2019 factors in treatment outcome. This review explores the influence of these factors on addiction treatment outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors review and link findings from four decades of research on specific and general factors in addiction treatment outcome research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although few would argue that what one does in addiction treatment is immaterial, outcome studies tend to find small to no difference when specific treatment methods are compared with each other or with treatment as usual. In contrast, there are usually substantial differences among therapists in client outcomes, and relational factors such as therapist empathy and therapeutic alliance can be significant determinants of addiction treatment outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addiction treatment, relational factors such as empathy, which are often described as common, non\u2010specific factors, should not be dismissed as \u2018common\u2019 because they vary substantially across providers and it is unclear how common they actually are. Similarly they should not be relegated to \u2018non\u2010specific\u2019 status, because such important relational influences can be specified and incorporated into clinical research and training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,28]],"date-time":"2014-07-28T00:02:57Z","timestamp":1406505777000},"page":"401-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["The forest and the trees: relational and specific factors in addiction treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"William R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Center on Alcoholism Substance Abuse and Addictions (CASAA) The University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa B.","family":"Moyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Center on Alcoholism Substance Abuse and Addictions (CASAA) The University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/3527601465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"393","volume-title":"The Heart and Soul of Change","author":"Mee\u2010Lee D.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-008-9142-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Integration of Mental Health\/Substance Abuse and Primary Care","author":"Butler M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006590.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Effective Alternatives","author":"Miller W. 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