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The focus is on mainland\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hina, but reference is made to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ong\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ong and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      acao to illustrate differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Throughout\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hinese history, gambling was strictly prohibited by law. In contrast, small\u2010stakes betting for entertainment instead of monetary gain, defined as \u2018gaming\u2019 in this paper, has been culturally acceptable and tolerated by governments. After banning gambling for three decades, the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hinese government attempts to meet public demand for \u2018gaming\u2019 and to confine gambling to \u2018gaming\u2019 by issuing national lotteries. In response to increased economic wealth, gambling opportunities were allowed to develop, but were restricted to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      acao. Social problems such as illegal and youth gambling are, however, emerging. The \u2018gaming\u2019 perception may predispose\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hinese individuals to wagering activities and increase the risk of gambling disorder, which has been widely seen as misconduct rather than a mental disorder. Currently, the country has a dearth of gambling research and limited prevention and rehabilitation services, almost none at national level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A distinction between small\u2010stakes \u2018gaming\u2019 and large\u2010stakes \u2018gambling\u2019, which has cultural roots, plays an important role in relevant governmental policies and social responses in mainland\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hina. Gambling disorder prevention and treatment is not yet on the national agenda. The country's knowledge and services gaps on gambling problems need to be filled out.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T06:33:57Z","timestamp":1411108437000},"page":"210-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Gambling in\n                    <scp>C<\/scp>\n                    hina: socio\u2010historical evolution and current challenges"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Anise M. S.","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Macau  Macao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph T. 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