{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:26:42Z","timestamp":1791638802276,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000074","name":"Department of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Life Science Discovery Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5 U10 DA013714-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 U10 DA013714-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30DA016383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DA016383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Washington State University Spokane Seed Grant Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n To compare three missing data strategies: (i) the latent growth model that assumes the data are missing at random (\n MAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) model; (ii) the\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n iggle\u2013\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n enward missing not at random (\n MNAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) model, where dropout is a function of previous\/concurrent urinalysis (\n UA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) submissions; and (iii) the\n W<\/jats:styled-content>\n u\u2013\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n arroll\n MNAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n model where dropout is a function of the growth factors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\u2003<\/jats:title>\n \n Secondary data analysis of a\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n ational\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n rug\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n buse\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n reatment\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n linical\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n rials\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n etwork trial that examined a 7\u2010day versus 28\u2010day taper (i.e. stepwise decrease in buprenorphine\/naloxone) on the likelihood of submitting an opioid\u2010positive\n UA<\/jats:styled-content>\n during treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n \n 11 out\u2010patient treatment settings in 10\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n cities.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n A total of 516 opioid\u2010dependent participants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Measurements<\/jats:title>\n \n Opioid\n UAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n provided across the 4\u2010week treatment period.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n MAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n model showed a significant effect (\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.45,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) of trial arm on the opioid\u2010positive\n UA<\/jats:styled-content>\n slope (i.e. 28\u2010day taper participants were less likely to submit a positive\n UA<\/jats:styled-content>\n over time) with a small effect size (\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.20). The\n MNAR D<\/jats:styled-content>\n iggle\u2013\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n enward model demonstrated a significant (\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.64,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01) effect of trial arm on the slope with a large effect size (\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.82). The\n MNAR W<\/jats:styled-content>\n u\u2013\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n arroll model showed a significant (\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.41,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) effect of trial arm on the\n UA<\/jats:styled-content>\n slope that was relatively small (\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.31).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This performance comparison of three missing data strategies (latent growth model,\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n iggle\u2013\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n enward selection model,\n W<\/jats:styled-content>\n u\u2013\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n arrol selection model) on sample data indicates a need for increased use of sensitivity analyses in clinical trial research. Given the potential sensitivity of the trial arm effect to missing data assumptions, it is critical for researchers to consider whether the assumptions associated with each model are defensible.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T22:05:08Z","timestamp":1413497108000},"page":"51-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A \u2018missing not at random\u2019 (\n MNAR<\/scp>\n ) and \u2018missing at random\u2019 (\n MAR<\/scp>\n ) growth model comparison with a buprenorphine\/naloxone clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Sterling","family":"McPherson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Washington State University Spokane WA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Washington State University Pullman WA USA"},{"name":"Program of Excellence in Addictions Research Washington State University Spokane WA USA"},{"name":"Program for Rural Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Washington State University Spokane WA USA"},{"name":"Translational Addictions Research Center Washington State University Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celestina","family":"Barbosa\u2010Leiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Washington State University Spokane WA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Washington State University Pullman WA USA"},{"name":"Program of Excellence in Addictions Research Washington State University Spokane WA USA"},{"name":"Program for Rural Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Washington State University Spokane WA USA"},{"name":"Translational Addictions Research Center Washington State University Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Rose","family":"Mamey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Washington State University Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McDonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig K.","family":"Enders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Roll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Washington State University Spokane WA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Washington State University Pullman WA USA"},{"name":"Program of Excellence in Addictions Research Washington State University Spokane WA USA"},{"name":"Program for Rural Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Washington State University Spokane WA USA"},{"name":"Translational Addictions Research Center Washington State University Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-4-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-3-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022634"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022640"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Applied Missing Data Analysis","author":"Enders C. 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