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We determine how changes in price and purity of methamphetamine compared to other drugs such as heroin may, in part, explain these divergent patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Detailed methamphetamine and heroin purchase price data from 2152 participant interviews from the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      elbourne\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      njecting\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rug\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ser cohort study were used to generate drug price series for the period\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      anuary 2009\u2013\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      une 2013. Data on drug purity from 8818 seizures made within\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ictoria were used to generate drug purity series during the same period. Purity\u2010adjusted price data for methamphetamine and heroin were obtained for the period 2009\u201313 by combining the two data sets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While the average purity of heroin seizures remained consistent and low, the average purity of powder and of crystal methamphetamine seizures increased from 12% [95% confidence interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u2009=\u200910\u201314%] to 37% (95% CI\u2009=\u200920\u201354%) and 21% (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2009=\u200918\u201323%) to 64% (95% CI\u2009=\u200960\u201368%), respectively. Crystal methamphetamine purity was bimodal, with observations generally less than 20% or greater than 70%. The average unadjusted price per gram for heroin decreased from $374 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2009=\u2009$367\u2013381) to $294 (95% CI\u2009=\u2009$280\u2013308), powder methamphetamine did not change significantly from $252 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2009=\u2009$233\u2013271), and crystal methamphetamine increased substantially from $464 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2009=\u2009$416\u2013511) in 2009 to $795 (95% CI\u2009=\u2009$737\u2013853) in 2011. This increase was offset by an even greater increase in purity, meaning the average purity\u2010adjusted price per gram declined. Furthermore, pure prices of both methamphetamine forms were similar, whereas their unadjusted prices were not. The pure price of heroin fluctuated with no ongoing trends.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decreases in methamphetamine purity\u2010adjusted price along with the bimodality of crystal methamphetamine purity may account for some of the recent increase in methamphetamine\u2010related harm. For a given amount spent, methamphetamine purchase power has increased and the presence of extreme purity variations may challenge individuals' control of consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T03:04:53Z","timestamp":1410750293000},"page":"120-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["High\u2010frequency drug purity and price series as tools for explaining drug trends and harms in\n                    <scp>V<\/scp>\n                    ictoria,\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    ustralia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Nick","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute Centre for Population Health  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P","family":"Caulkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University's Heinz College  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria Police Forensic Services Department  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Dietze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute Centre for Population Health  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.9333212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2006.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","series-title":"DPMP Monograph Series Fitzroy","volume-title":"Heroin Markets in Australia: Current Understanding and Future Possibilities","author":"Moore J. 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