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Similarly, the within\u2010pair individual\u2010level component of a\n CTC<\/jats:styled-content>\n indicated that early alcohol\u2010exposed twins had higher risk than their non\u2010exposed co\u2010twins for several, but not all, of the same adult outcomes. For example, early alcohol use was associated with an adult index of alcohol use in both\n PS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010weighted (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.57,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and\n CTC<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.21,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.031) analyses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Early alcohol exposures predict adult alcohol problems and related outcomes, despite stringent adjustment for measured and non\u2010measured sources of potential confounding using propensity score and co\u2010twin control. Contrasting the methods indicated that exposure effect estimates from\n PS<\/jats:styled-content>\n application were likely biased by unmeasured confounding factors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T03:29:03Z","timestamp":1411442943000},"page":"269-278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Tests of the effects of adolescent early alcohol exposures on adult outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Irons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Iacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"McGue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(97)90009-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.745"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.5.949"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579404044475"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1118"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(02)00298-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48626-1_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-006-9061-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-120025123"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.256"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610383511"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2013.74.703"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006045"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.6.978"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579499002369"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","volume-title":"American Teens More Cautious about Using Synthetic Drugs.","author":"Johnston L. 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