{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:21:35Z","timestamp":1785338495715,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Government HIV\/AIDS Program","award":["131-11-0001-0501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131-11-0001-0501"]}]},{"name":"Fogarty International Center and the National Institute on Drug Abuse at the US National Institutes of Health","award":["U2RTW006918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2RTW006918"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>To describe trends in the HIV<\/jats:styled-content> epidemic among drug users (DU<\/jats:styled-content>s) in C<\/jats:styled-content>hina from 1995 to 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting and Participants<\/jats:title>Data sets from C<\/jats:styled-content>hina's national HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> case reporting and sentinel surveillance systems as of D<\/jats:styled-content>ecember 2011 were used separately for descriptive analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Measures<\/jats:title>Changes in the geographic distribution of the number of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> cases and HIV<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence among injecting drug users (IDU<\/jats:styled-content>s) and non\u2010IDU<\/jats:styled-content>s were examined. We also analysed changes in HIV<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence among the broader DU<\/jats:styled-content> population, and drug use\u2010related behaviours including types of drugs used, recent injecting and recent needle sharing in the context of the rapid scale\u2010up of DU<\/jats:styled-content> sentinel sites and national harm reduction programmes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>The HIV<\/jats:styled-content> epidemic among C<\/jats:styled-content>hina's DU<\/jats:styled-content>s is still highly concentrated in five provinces. Here, HIV<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence peaked at 30.3% [95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2009=\u200928.6, 32.1] among IDU<\/jats:styled-content>s in 1999, and then gradually decreased to 10.9% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u200910.6, 11.2) by 2011. We observed a rapid increase in the use of \u2018nightclub drugs\u2019 among DU<\/jats:styled-content>s from 1.3% in 2004 to 24.4% in 2011. A decline in recent needle sharing among current IDU<\/jats:styled-content> from 19.5% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u200919.4, 19.6) in 2006 to 11.3% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u200911.2, 11.4) in 2011 was found to be correlated with the rapid scale\u2010up of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT<\/jats:styled-content>; r<\/jats:italic>(4)<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.94, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) harm reduction efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>While HIV<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence and needle sharing among current injecting drug users in C<\/jats:styled-content>hina have declined dramatically and are correlated with the scale\u2010up of national harm reduction efforts, the recent, rapid increased use of \u2018nightclub drugs\u2019 presents a new challenge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]],"date-time":"2014-12-24T13:18:48Z","timestamp":1419427128000},"page":"20-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["HIV<\/scp> epidemic among drug users in C<\/scp>hina: 1995\u20132011"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"McGoogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunyou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"China National HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Program","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Epidemiologic study on HIV infection among injecting drug users and former plasma donors","volume":"24","author":"Wang L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-3959(02)00209-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health People's Republic of China Joint United Nations Program on HIV\/AIDS World Health Organization.2011 Estimates for the HIV\/AIDS Epidemic in China.http:\/\/www.unaids.org.cn\/pics\/20130521161757.pdf(accessed Nov 18 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"The analysis and evaluation of quality of the HIV\/AIDS data before and after their integration into the web based case report system in China","volume":"14","author":"Wang Y. 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