{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:46:59Z","timestamp":1791568019976,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Government AIDS Program"},{"name":"Global AIDS Program (GAP), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary HIV and TB Implementation Sciences Training in China","award":["U2R TW 006918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2R TW 006918"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, the Fogarty International Center"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute of Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>To estimate the prevalence of, and identify factors associated with, depression and anxiety among community\u2010based methadone maintenance treatment (MMT<\/jats:styled-content>) clients in C<\/jats:styled-content>hina.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>A cross\u2010sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Setting<\/jats:title>Nine MMT<\/jats:styled-content> clinics, three each from three C<\/jats:styled-content>hinese provinces (Y<\/jats:styled-content>unnan, A<\/jats:styled-content>nhui and J<\/jats:styled-content>iangsu) between O<\/jats:styled-content>ctober 2008 and F<\/jats:styled-content>ebruary 2009.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Participants<\/jats:title>A total of 1301 MMT<\/jats:styled-content> clients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Measurements<\/jats:title>A questionnaire, including the Z<\/jats:styled-content>ung S<\/jats:styled-content>elf\u2010R<\/jats:styled-content>ating D<\/jats:styled-content>epression S<\/jats:styled-content>cale (SDS<\/jats:styled-content>) and Z<\/jats:styled-content>ung S<\/jats:styled-content>elf\u2010R<\/jats:styled-content>ating A<\/jats:styled-content>nxiety S<\/jats:styled-content>cale (SAS<\/jats:styled-content>), and on\u2010site urine drug testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>The prevalence of depression (SDS<\/jats:styled-content> score\u2009\u2265\u200953) and anxiety (SAS<\/jats:styled-content> score\u2009\u2265\u200950) in our sample was 38.3% [95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2009=\u200935.7, 40.9] and 18.4% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u200916.3, 20.5), respectively, with 14.2% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u200912.3, 16.1) displaying symptoms of both. Sample prevalence rates for depression [mean\u2009=\u200949.69, standard deviation (SD)\u2009=\u200910.34] and anxiety (mean\u2009=\u200940.98, SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u200910.66) were higher than the national average for each (t<\/jats:italic>(0.05\/2, 1300)<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200919.2, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001 and t<\/jats:italic>(0.05\/2, 1300)<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20098.0, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001, respectively). Employing multi\u2010level modelling techniques, gender (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and employment status (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001) were found to be associated significantly with depression in a single\u2010level model; however, in a multi\u2010level mixed model, only employment status (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001) was associated with depression. Gender (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), education level (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), marital status (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04), employment status (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001), positive urine drug test results (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and daily methadone dose (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001) were found to be associated significantly with anxiety in a single\u2010level model, while only employment status (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.01) and positive results for the urine drug test (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) were associated with anxiety in a multi\u2010level mixed model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>A considerable proportion of methadone maintenance treatment clients in C<\/jats:styled-content>hina have experienced depression and anxiety during treatment. There is a need to provide tailored mental health interventions for this high\u2010risk population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,24]],"date-time":"2014-12-24T13:18:48Z","timestamp":1419427128000},"page":"51-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Factors associated with depression and anxiety among patients attending community\u2010based methadone maintenance treatment in C<\/scp>hina"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention China CDC Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention China CDC Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention China CDC Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"McGoogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention China CDC Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention China CDC Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Drug Abuse Kunming Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US CDC Global AIDS Program (GAP) Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Drug Abuse Kunming Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keming","family":"Rou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention China CDC Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"China's Titanic Peril: 2001 Update of the AIDS Situation and Needs Assessment Report","author":"The United Nations Theme Group on HIV\/AIDS in China","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000304704.71917.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevetion.2012 China National HIV\/AIDS Program Implementation Report. 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