{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T03:57:37Z","timestamp":1780977457617,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Problem gamblers are not a homogeneous group and recent data suggest that subtyping can improve treatment outcomes. This study administered three readiness rulers and aimed to identify subtypes of gamblers accessing a national web\u2010based counselling service based on these rulers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 1204 gamblers (99.4% problem gamblers) who accessed a single session of web\u2010based counselling in Australia. Measures included three readiness rulers (importance, readiness and confidence to resist an urge to gamble), demographics and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gamblers reported high importance of change [mean\u2009=\u20099.2, standard deviation (SD)\u2009=\u20091.51] and readiness to change (mean\u2009=\u20098.86, SD\u2009=\u20091.84), but lower confidence to resist an urge to gamble (mean\u2009=\u20093.93, SD\u2009=\u20092.44) compared with importance and readiness. The statistical fit indices of a latent class analysis identified a four\u2010class model. Subtype 1 was characterized by a very high readiness to change and very low confidence to resist an urge to gamble (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009662, 55.0%) and subtype 2 reported high readiness and low confidence (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009358, 29.7%). Subtype 3 reported moderate ratings on all three rulers (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009139, 11.6%) and subtype 4 reported high importance of change but low readiness and confidence (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945, 3.7%). A multinomial logistic regression indicated that subtypes differed by gender (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), age (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), gambling activity (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), preferred mode of gambling (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and PGSI score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Problem gamblers in Australia who seek web\u2010based counselling comprise four distinct subgroups based on self\u2010reported levels of readiness to change, confidence to resist the urge to gamble and importance of change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T02:21:24Z","timestamp":1415845284000},"page":"494-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Subtyping based on readiness and confidence: the identification of help\u2010seeking profiles for gamblers accessing web\u2010based counselling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"S. N.","family":"Rodda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turning Point Eastern Health  Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. I.","family":"Lubman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turning Point Eastern Health  Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turning Point Eastern Health  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. X.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turning Point Eastern Health  Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. A.","family":"Dowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Deakin University  Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Graduate School of Education University of Melbourne  Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences Monash University  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behaviour","author":"Miller W. R.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.19.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02814.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-3-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1940-0640-7-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14659891.2011.580413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-708"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14659891.2011.606351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Problem Gambling and Harm: Towards A National Definition","author":"Neal P. N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2013.00323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2014.921721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.2.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445503262578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019906"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9352-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index","author":"Ferris J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9116-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-007-9064-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/13.2.285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"Technical guide for Latent GOLD 4.0: basic and advanced","author":"Vermunt J. K.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","unstructured":"FonsecaJ. R.On the performance of information criteria in latent segment models.Presented at International Conference on Mathematical Science and Engineering World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology Rio de Janeiro Brazil.2010;63."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294361"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499531.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Motivational interviewing: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"55","author":"Rubak S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ProchaskaJ. O. DiClementeC. C. NorcrossJ. C.In search of the structure of change.Self Change.New York NY: Springer;1992 p.87\u2013114.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2922-3_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5750\/jgbe.v7i3.818"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.00962.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2011.588815"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.12796","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.12796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.12796","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/add.12796","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.12796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T03:03:08Z","timestamp":1780974188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.12796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.12796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.12796","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-01-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}