{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:35:07Z","timestamp":1767854107581,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Connecticut Mental Health Center, Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services"},{"name":"NIDA","award":["DA026797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA026797"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To decrease infectious disease transmission, China is expanding methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This study evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection at MMT entry, seroconversion rates after admission and potential risk factors for HCV seroconversion during MMT in Wuhan, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional survey of all patients entering MMT and prospective follow\u2010up of patients HCV seronegative at admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>All MMT clinics in Wuhan, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 12\u2009755 opiate\u2010dependent individuals entering MMT between May 2006 and June 2011; 1200 participants HCV seronegative at admission were followed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serological tests for HCV and self\u2010report data on risk behaviors at MMT admission; urine toxicology results and repeated assessments of serological status and risk behaviors during treatment on patients HCV seronegative at admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>HCV seroprevalence at admission was 72.1% [95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u200971.3\u201372.9%] and 555\/1200 (46.3%, 95% CI\u2009=\u200943.5\u201349.1%) patients seroconverted to HCV during MMT. The mean time to HCV seroconversion was 3 (95% CI\u2009=\u20092.84\u20133.07) years with a cumulative seroconversion rate of 34.5 (95% CI\u2009=\u200931.5\u201336.9) per 100 person\u2010years. Significant predictors of HCV conversion included injection drug use in the past 30 days [relative hazard (RH) 2.0, 95% CI: 1.6 \u2013 2.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.002] and the rate of opiate\u2010positive urine tests during MMT (RH 2.0, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.3\u20133.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methadone maintenance treatment patients in Wuhan, China show a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus at admission (72.1%) and a high rate of seroconversion during treatment (46.3%). Seroconversion is associated with continuing injection drug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]],"date-time":"2014-12-22T02:33:56Z","timestamp":1419215636000},"page":"796-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hepatitis C seroconversion in methadone maintenance treatment programs in Wuhan, China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Wang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Wuhan Hubei PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Wuhan Hubei PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nianhua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Wuhan Hubei PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pulin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Wuhan Hubei PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Wuhan Hubei PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Wuhan Hubei PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Wuhan Hubei PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alethea","family":"Desrosiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Schottenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek C.","family":"Chawarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Guidance on prevention of viral hepatitis B and C among people who inject drugs. 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