{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T03:57:48Z","timestamp":1780977468522,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the long\u2010term mortality, remission, criminality and psychiatric comorbidity during 11\u2009years among heroin\u2010dependent Australians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sydney, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 615 participants were recruited and completed baseline interviews between 2001 and 2002. Participants completed follow\u2010up interviews at 3, 12, 24 and 36\u2009months post\u2010baseline, and again at 11\u2009years post\u2010baseline; 431 (70.1%) of the original 615 participants completed the 11\u2010year follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were administered the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS) structured interview, addressing demographics, treatment history, drug use, heroin overdose, criminality, health and mental health at all interviews. Overall, 96.1% of the cohort completed at least one follow\u2010up interview.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 11\u2009years, 63 participants (10.2%) were deceased. The proportion of participants who reported using heroin in the preceding month decreased significantly from baseline (98.7%) to 36\u2010month follow\u2010up (34.0%; odds ratio\u2009=\u20090.01; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.00, 0.01) with further reductions evident between 36\u2009months and 11\u2009years (24.8%). However, one in four continued to use heroin at 11\u2009years, and close to one\u2010half (46.6%) were in current treatment. The reduction in current heroin use was accompanied by reductions in risk\u2010taking, crime and injection\u2010related health problems, and improvements in general physical and mental health. The relationship with treatment exposure was varied. Major depression was associated consistently with poorer outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In an 11\u2010year follow\u2010up of patients undergoing treatment for heroin dependence, 10.2% had died and almost half were still in treatment; the proportion still using heroin fell to a quarter, with major depression being a significant predictor of continued use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,24]],"date-time":"2015-01-24T00:17:23Z","timestamp":1422058643000},"page":"986-993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Long\u2010term mortality, remission, criminality and psychiatric comorbidity of heroin dependence: 11\u2010year findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome 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